Existing Relationship between Morphological Predictors and Home Range Size of the Amazon River Dolphin (Inia spp.) in the Amazon and Orinoco basins?
Abstract
The evaluation of the relationship between morphological predictors and home range size in aquatics mammals has been a tool used to understand the ecological requirements of the species, as well as provide relevant information for the construction of conservation actions and management of populations and aquatics habitats. We evaluated the relationship between the home range size of 34 Amazon River dolphin individuals (Inia spp.), and three explanatory variables reported in the scientific literature (1) body mass, (2) body length, and (3) sex. Home range sizes were calculated as the univariate kernel density estimates at 95% (K95) for the Inia spp. individuals monitored through satellite telemetry across four rivers of the Amazon basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru) and five rivers of the Colombian Orinoco basin. Out of three home range predictors evaluated, only the sex predictor showed statistical significance in the Kruskal – Wallis test (p = 0,037).This research also calls attention to the vulnerability of the Inia spp. to human impacts on aquatic landscapes such as the massive construction of dams on a regional scale regulating the flooding pulse and limiting the access of Amazon river dolphins to the different habitat types mainly in the Amazon basin.
References
Roger M. Alexander (2003) Principles of Animal Locomotion.
E. Aliaga-Rossel (2002) Distribution and abundance of the pink river dolphin, bufeo (Inia geoffrensis) in the Tijamuchi River, Beni-Bolivia. 28, 312%E2%80%93323.
E. Aliaga-Rossel, T. L. McGuire, H. Hamilton (2006) Distribution and encounter rates of the river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis boliviensis) in the central Bolivian Amazon. 8, 87%E2%80%9392.
E. Aliaga-Rossel, L. A. Guizada Duran (2020) Four decades of research on distribution and abundance of the Bolivian river dolphin Inia geoffrensis boliviensis. 151%E2%80%93165. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01041
R. M. Almeida, Q. Shi, J. M. Gomes-Selman, X. Wu, Y. Xue, H. Angarita, N. Barros, B. R. Forsberg, R. Garc%C3%ADa-Villacorta, S. K. Hamilton, J. M. Melack, M. Montoya, G. Perez, S. A. Sethi, C. P. Gomes, A. S. Flecker (2019) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions of Amazon hydropower with strategic dam planning. 10, 1%E2%80%939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12179-5
E. P. Anderson, T. Osborne, J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo, M. Mills-Novoa, L. Castello, M. Montoya, A. C. Encalada, C. N. Jenkins (2019) Energy development reveals blind spots for ecosystem conservation in the Amazon Basin. 17, 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2114
C. C. Araújo, J. Y. Wang (2015) The dammed river dolphins of Brazil: Impacts and conservation. 49, 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605314000362
A. F. Azevedo, A. M. Oliveira, S. C. Viana, M. V. Sluys (2007) Habitat use by marine tucuxis (Sotalia guianensis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Guanabara Bay, south-eastern Brazil. 87, 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315407054422
E. Banguera-Hinestroza, H. Cárdenas, M. Ruíz-García, M. Marmontel, E. Gaitán, R. Vázquez, F. García-Vallejo (2002) Molecular identification of evolutionary significant units in the Amazon river dolphin Inia sp. (Cetacea: Iniidae). 93, 312-322. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/93.5.312
M S Barbosa, D P Carvalho, W Gravena, R de Almeida, M H Mussy, E A Sousa, I B B Holanda, I F de Sousa-Filho, W R Bastos (2021) Total mercury and methylmercury in river dolphins (Cetacea: Iniidae: Inia spp.) in the Madeira River Basin, Western Amazon. 33861423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13953-z
A A Bas, A A %C3%96zt%C3%9Crk, B %C3%96zt%C3%BCrk (2014) Selection of critical habitats for bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus based on behavioral data, in relation to marine traffic in the Istanbul Strait, Turkey. 31, 979-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12202
L Bejder, A Samuels, H Whitehead, N Gales, J Mann, R Connor, M Heithaus, J Watson-Capps, C Flaherty, M Kr%C3%BCtzen (2006) Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins exposed to long-term disturbance. 20, 1791-1798. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00540.x
P Bordino, R S Wells, M A Stamper (2008) Satellite tracking of franciscana dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei in Argentina: Preliminary information on ranging, diving and social patterns. 1-10.
S Boutin (1990) Food supplementation experiments with terrestrial vertebrates: patterns problems, and the future. 68, 203%E2%80%93220. https://doi.org/10.1139/z90-031
S Bräger, Z Bräger (2018) Range Utilization and Movement Patterns of Coastal Hector's Dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori). 6, 633%E2%80%93642. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.44.6.2018.633
S Brum, P Rosas-Ribeiro, R de Souza Amaral, D A de Souza, L Castello, V M Ferreira da Silva (2021) Conservation of Amazonian aquatic mammals. 1%E2%80%9319. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3590
W H Burt (1943) Territoriality and home range concepts as applied to mammals. 24, 346%E2%80%93352. https://doi.org/10.2307/1374834
S Buskirk (2004) Keeping an Eye on the Neighbors. 238%E2%80%93239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X18768397
S Caballero, J Jackson, A A Mignucci-Giannoni, H Barrios-Garrido, S Beltrán-Pedreros, M G Montiel-Villalobos, K M Robertson, C S Baker (2008) Molecular systematics of South American dolphins Sotalia: sister taxa determination and phylogenetic relationships, with insights into a multi-locus phylogeny of the Delphinidae. 46, 252%E2%80%93268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.015
E Campbell, J C Mangel, J Alfaro-Shigueto, J L Mena, R H Thurstan, B J Godley (2020) Coexisting in the Peruvian Amazon: Interactions between fisheries and river dolphins. 56, 125859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125859
Committee on Taxonomy (2021) List of marine mammal species and subspecies 2019. https://marinemammalscience.org
R C Connor, R S Wells, J Mann, A J Read (2000) The bottlenose dolphin: social relationships in a fission%E2%80%93fusion society. 91%E2%80%93126.
V M F da Silva (2009) Amazon river dolphin: Inia geoffrensis. 26%E2%80%9328.
V M F da Silva, A R Martin (2014) Family Iniidae (Amazon river dolphins). 364-379.
V da Silva, F Trujillo, A Martin, A N Zerbini, E Crespo, E Aliaga-Rossel, R Reeves Inia geoffrensis Assessment. https://www.iucnredlist.org
B Dahle, J E Swenson (2003) 260, 329%E2%80%93335. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836903003753
B Dahle, J E Swenson (2003) 71, 660%E2%80%93667. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00737.x
B Dahle, Ole-Gunnar S, J E Swenson (2006) 87, 859%E2%80%93865. https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-352R1.1
RH Defran, DW Weller, DL Kelly, MA Espinosa (1999) Range characteristics of Pacific Coast bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Southern California bight. 15, 381%E2%80%93393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00808.x
J Denkinger (2010) Population density, abundance estimates, habitat preference and social structure of Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) in Cuyabeno Reserve, Ecuador. 2, 91%E2%80%9397.
KR Dixon, JA Chapman (1980) Harmonic mean measure of animal activity areas. 61, 1040%E2%80%931044. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936821
HR Dolton, FR Gell, J Hall, G Hall, LA Hawkes, MJ Witt (2020) Assessing the importance of Isle of Man waters for the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus. 41, 209%E2%80%93223. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01018
JF Eisenberg (1966) The social organization of mammals.
L Fahrig (2013) Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: the habitat amount hypothesis. 40, 1649%E2%80%931663. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12130
PAC Flores, M Bazzalo (2004) Home range and movement patterns of the marine tucuxi dolphin, Sotalia fluviatilis, in Bahia Norte, Southern Brazil. 3, 37%E2%80%9352. https://doi.org/10.5597/lajamo00047
P Folkens, RR Reeves, BS Stewart, PJ Clapham, JA Powell (2008) National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World.
BR Forsberg, JM Melack, T Dunne, RB Barthem, M Goulding, RCD Paiva, MV Orribas, UL Silva Jr (2017) The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems. 1, e0182254. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182254
CH Frère, M Krützen, J Mann, RC Connor, L Bejder, WB Sherwin (2010) Social and genetic interactions drive fitness variation in a free-living dolphin population. 19949%E2%80%9319954. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007997107
RC Genoves, PF Fruet, JC Di Tullio, LM Möller, ER Secchi (2018) Spatiotemporal use predicts social partitioning of bottlenose dolphins with strong home range overlap. 12597%E2%80%9312614. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4681
C Gómez-Salazar, F Trujillo, M Portocarrero-Aya, H Whitehead (2011) Population, density estimates, and conservation of river dolphins (Inia and Sotalia) in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. 28, 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00468.x
C Gómez-Salazar, F Trujillo, H Whitehead (2011) Ecological factors influencing group sizes of river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia fluviatilis). 28, 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00496.x
C Gómez-Salazar, M Coll, H Whitehead (2012) River dolphins as indicators of ecosystem degradation in large tropical rivers. 23, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.034
W Gravena, I P Farias, M N F da Silva, V M F da Silva, T Hrbek (2014) Looking to past and the future: were the Madeira River rapids a geographical barrier to the boto (Cetacea: Iniidae)?. 15, 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0565-4
A S Harestad, F L Bunnell (1979) Home range and body weight - a reevaluation. 60, 389–402. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937667
GA Herrera-R, T Oberdorff, EP Anderson, S Brosse, FM Carvajal-Vallejos, RG Frederico, M Hidalgo, C Jézéquel, M Maldonado, JA Maldonado-Ocampo, H Ortega, J Radinger, G Torrente-Vilara, J Zuanon, P Tedesco (2020) The combined effects of climate change and river fragmentation on the distribution of Andean Amazon fishes. 26, 5509–5523. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15285
BA Hill (2014) Immigrant Dolphins: A Shifting Home Range in Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella frontalis) in the Bahamas.
T Hrbek, VMF da Silva, N Dutra, W Gravena, AR Martin, IP Farias (2014) A new species of river dolphin from Brazil or: how little do we know our biodiversity. e83623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083623
W Jetz, C Carbone, J Fulford, JH Brown (2004) The scaling of animal space use. 306, 266–268. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102138
DA Kelt, D.H. Van Vuren (2001) The ecology and macroecology of mammalian home range area. 157, 637–645. https://doi.org/10.1086/320621
JG Kie, RT Bowyer, MC Nicholson, BB Boroski, ER Loft (2002) Landscape heterogeneity at differing scales: effects on spatial distribution of mule deer. 83, 530%E2%80%93544. https://doi.org/10.2307/2680033
M Kleiber (1961) The Fire of Life.
CM Knight, RE Kenward, RE Gozlan, KH Hodder, SS Walls, MC Lucas (2009) Home range estimation within complex restricted environments: importance of method selection in detecting seasonal changes. 36, 213%E2%80%93224. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR08032
JR Krebs, A Kacelnik (1991) Decision-making. 105-136.
AC Lees, CA Peres, PM Fearnside, M Schneider, JAS Zuanon (2016) Hydropower and the future of Amazonian biodiversity. 25, 451%E2%80%93466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1072-3
SL Linstedt, BJ Miller, SW Buskirk (1986) Home range, time, and body size in mammals. 67, 413%E2%80%93418. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938584
ER Loft, JG Kie, JW Menke (1993) Grazing in the Sierra Nevada: home range and space use patterns of mule deer as influenced by cattle. 79, 145%E2%80%93166. http://arc.lib.montana.edu/range-science/item/721
MA Mares, TE Lacher, MR Willig, NA Bitar (1982) An experimental analysis of social spacing in Tamias striatus. 63, 267%E2%80%93273. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938940
AR Martin, VMF da Silva (1998) Tracking aquatic vertebrates in dense tropical forest using VHF telemetry. 32, 82%E2%80%9388.
AR Martin, VMF da Silva (2004) River dolphins and flooded forest: seasonal habitat use and sexual segregation of botos (Inia geoffrensis) in an extreme cetacean environment. 263, 295%E2%80%93305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095283690400528X
AR Martin, VMF da Silva (2004) Number, seasonal movements, and residency characteristics of river dolphins in an Amazonian floodplain lake system. 82, 1307%E2%80%931315. https://doi.org/10.1139/z04-109
AR Martin, VMF da Silva (2006) Sexual dimorphism and body scarring in the boto (Amazon River dolphin) Inia geoffrensis. 22, 25%E2%80%9333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00003.x
A R Martin, V M F da Silva (2018) Reproductive parameters of the Amazon river dolphin or boto, Inia geoffrensis (Cetacea: Iniidae); an evolutionary outlier bucks no trends. 123, 666%E2%80%93676. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly005
A R Martin, V M F da Silva (2021) Amazon River Dolphins Inia geoffrensis are on the Path to Extinction in the Heart of Their Range. 33, 1%E2%80%935.
A R Martin, V M F da Silva, P R Rothery (2006) Does radio tagging affect the survival or reproduction of small cetaceans? A test. 22, 17%E2%80%9324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00002.x
I Martínez-Serrano, A Serrano, G Heckel, Y Schramm (2011) Distribution and home range of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off Veracruz, Mexico. 37, 379%E2%80%93392. https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.v37i4A.1860
M Mazzoil, J S Reif, M Youngbluth, M E Murdoch, S E Bechdel, E Howells, S D McCulloch, L J Hansen, G D Bossart (2008) Home ranges of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: environmental correlates and implications for management strategies. 278%E2%80%93288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-008-0194-9
B J McGill, G G Mittelbach (2006) An allometric vision and motion model to predict prey encounter rates. 8, 691%E2%80%93701.
M R McGowen (2011) Toward the resolution of an explosive radiation. 60, 345%E2%80%93357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.05.003
T L McGuire, T Henningsen (2007) Movement patterns and site fidelity of river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia fluviatilis) in the Peruvian Amazon as determined by photo-identification. 33, 359%E2%80%93367. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.33.3.2007.359
T L McGuire, K Winemiller (1998) Occurrence patterns, habitat associations, and potential prey of the river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis, in the Cinaruco River, Venezuela. 30, 625%E2%80%93638. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00102.x
B K McNab (1963) Bioenergetics and the determination of home range size. 97, 133%E2%80%93140. https://doi.org/10.1086/282264
V J Mintzer, M Schmink, K Lorenzen, T K Frazer, A R Martin, V M F da Silva (2014) Attitudes and behaviors toward Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) in a sustainable use protected area. 24, 247%E2%80%93269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0805-4
V J Mintzer, K Lorenzen, T K Frazer, V M F da Silva, A R Martin (2016) Seasonal movements of river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) in a protected Amazonian floodplain. 32, 664%E2%80%93681. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12298
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, C A Parra, J D Carvajal-Castro, H Mantilla-Meluk (2018) Aspectos poblacionales y biogeográficos de la tonina o delfín de río, Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana Pilleri & Gihr, 1978 (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae) en los ríos Guayabero y Losada, sierra de La Macarena, Meta, Colombia. 289%E2%80%93305.
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, P Danni, M Oliveira-da-Costa, M Marmontel, D Armenteras-Pascual, S Usma, D Willems, J D Carvajal-Castro, H Mantilla-Meluk, N Franco, D Amorcho, R Maldonado, K Berg, L Sainz, P A Van Damme, E Cambell (2018) Analysis of distribution of river dolphins (Inia and Sotalia) in protected and transformed areas in the Amazon and Orinoco basins. SC/67B/SM/16.
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, D Parks, M Oliveira da Costa, P A Van Damme, A Echeverria, N Franco, J D Carvajal-Castro, H Mantilla-Meluk, M Marmontel, D Armenteras-Pascual (2019) Mercury in Populations of River Dolphins of the Amazon and Orinoco basins. 4, 743%E2%80%93759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-019-01451-1
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, C Aya-Cuero, N Franco-León, K Valencia, A Vásquez, C Duran-Prieto, M D J Morales, G A Pachón-Bejarano, H Mantilla-Meluk, D Armenteras-Pascual (2019) Population estimates and identification of major conservation threats for the river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana) at the Colombian Orinoquia. 11, 9%E2%80%9321. https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-20-854
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, M Oliveira-da-Costa, M Marmontel, PA Van Damme, N Franco, L C%C3%B3rdova, E Campbell, J Alfaro-Shigueto, JL Mena, JC Mangel, JS Usma Oviedo, JD Carvajal-Castro, H Mantilla-Meluk, D Armenteras-Pascual (2021) Home range and movements of Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. 45, 269%E2%80%93282. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01133
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, J P%C3%A9rez-Torres, H Mantilla-Meluk, N Franco-Le%C3%B3n, M Paschoalini, MJ Valderrama, JS Usma Oviedo, E Campbell, J Alfaro-Shigueto, JL Mena, JC Mangel, C Gilleman, M Zumba, Y Brice%C3%B1o, KY Valencia, PA Torres-Forero, L S%C3%A1nchez, A Ferrer, S Barreto, PA van Damme, D Armenteras-Pascual (2022) Strategy to Identify Areas of Use of Amazon River dolphins. 9, 838988. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.838988
F Mosquera-Guerra, F Trujillo, J P%C3%A9rez-Torres, H Mantilla-Meluk, N Franco, MJ Valderrama, E Acosta-Lugo, P Torres-Forrero, JS Usma-Oviedo, S Barreto, D Armenteras-Pascual (2022) Identifying habitat preferences and core areas of Amazon River dolphin activity using spatial ecology analysis. 21, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-022-01470-4
B Myers, A Lynch, D Bunnell, C Chu, J Falke, R Kovach, T Krabbenhoft, T Kwak, C Paukert (2017) Global synthesis of the documented and projected effects of climate change on inland fishes. 27, 339%E2%80%93361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-017-9476-z
A Nagy (2005) Field metabolic rate and body size. 208, 1621%E2%80%931625. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01553
S Nekolny, M Denny, G Biedenbach, E Howells, M Mazzoil, W Durden, L Moreland, J Lambert, Q Gibson (2017) Effects of study area size on home range estimates of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. 63, 693%E2%80%93701. https://doi.org/10.1093/cz/zox049
M C Nicholson, R T Bowyer, J G Kie (1997) Habitat selection and survival of mule deer: tradeoffs associated with migration. 78, 483%E2%80%93504. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382900
J E D F Oshima, M C D Oliveira Santos, M Bazzalo, P A D Carvalho Flores, F D Nascimento Pupim (2010) Home ranges of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Cananeia estuary, Brazil. 90, 1641%E2%80%931647. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410001311
M Paschoalini, R M Almeida, F Trujillo, G A Melo-Santos, M Marmontel, H J Pavanato, F Mosquera-Guerra, N Ristau, A N Zerbini (2020) On the brink of isolation: Population estimates of the Araguaian river dolphin in a human-impacted region in Brazil. 15, e0231224. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231224
M Paschoalini, F Trujillo, M Marmontel, F Mosquera-Guerra, H J Pavanato, G A Melo-Santos, P A Van Damme, A G A Coelho, M Escobar-WW, A Novaes-Zerbini (2021) Density and Abundance Estimation of Amazonian river Dolphins: Understanding Population Size Variability. 1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111184
C Passadore, L Möller, F Díaz-Aguirre, GJ Parra (2017) High site fidelity and restricted ranging patterns in southern Australian bottlenose dolphins. 8, 242-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3674
H Pavanato, G Melo-Santos, D Lima, M Portocarrero-Aya, M Paschoalini, F Mosquera, F Trujillo, R Meneses, M Marmontel, C Maretti (2016) Risk of dam construction for South American River Dolphins: a case of study of the Tapajós River. 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00751
S Pawar, AI Dell, VM Savage (2012) Dimensionality of consumer search space drives trophic interaction strengths. 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11131
G Péron (2019) The time frame of home-range studies: from function to utilization. 6, 1974-1982. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12545
E Pirotta, BE Laesser, A Hardaker, N Riddoch, M Marcoux, D Lusseau (2013) Dredging displaces bottlenose dolphins from an urbanized foraging patch. 74, 396-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.020
R A Powell, J W Zimmerman, D E Seaman (1997) Ecology and behavior of North America black bears: home ranges, habitat and social organization. 204.
R A Powell (2000) Animal home ranges and territories and home range estimators. 1:65%E2%80%93110.
R Core Team (2020) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. https://www.r-project.org/
N Rako-Gospić, M Radulović, T Šućur, G Pleslić, H Draško, P Mackelworth (2017) Factor associated variations in the home range of a resident Adriatic common bottlenose dolphin population. 1, 234%E2%80%93244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.040
W Rayment, S Dawson, E Slooten, S Bräger, S Du Fresne, T Webster (2009) Kernel density estimates of alongshore home range of Hector's dolphins at Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. 25, 537%E2%80%93556. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00271.x
Reeves Reeves, Smith B, Erich Crespo, Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di Sciara (2003) Dolphins, whales and porpoises. 2002%E2%80%932010 Conservation Action Plan for the World%E2%80%99s Cetaceans.
Relyea Riley, Lawrence K, Demarais S (2000) 64, 146%E2%80%93153. https://doi.org/10.2307/3802984
Stephen Riley, Dood A (1984) 48, 1302%E2%80%931310. https://doi.org/10.2307/3801790
JMK Rip, Katherine McCann (2011) 14, 733%E2%80%93740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01636.x
MR Rossi-Santos, LL Wedekin, RS Sousa-Lima (2006) 5, 23%E2%80%9328. https://doi.org/10.5597/lajam00088
M Ru%C3%ADz-Garc%C3%ADa, S Caballero, M Mart%C3%ADnez-Ag%C3%BCero, JM Shostell (2008) Molecular differentiation among Inia geoffrensis and Inia boliviensis (Iniidae: Cetacea) by means of nuclear intron sequences. 177-203.
MD Samuel, DJ Pierce, EO Garton (1985) Identifying areas of concentrated use within the home range. 54, 711-719. https://doi.org/10.2307/4373
JB Shurin, DS Gruner, H Hillebrand (2006) All wet or dried up? Real differences between aquatic and terrestrial food webs. 273, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3377
RS Sikes, the Animal Care and Use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists (2016) 2016 Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education. 97, 663-688. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw078
KR Sprogis, HC Raudino, R Rankin, CD MacLeod, L Bejder (2016) Home range size of adult Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in a coastal and estuarine system is habitat and sex-specific. 32, 287-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12260
S Sveegaard, J Teilmann, J Tougaard, R Dietz, KN Mouritsen, G Desportes, U Siebert (2011) High-density areas for harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) identified by satellite tracking. 27, 230%E2%80%93246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00379.x
K Taczanowska, A Muhar, C Brandenburg (2008) 451-455.
MF Tognelli, EP Anderson, LF Jiménez-Segura, J Chuctaya, L Chocano, JA Maldonado-Ocampo, L Mesa-Salazar, JI Mojica, FM Carvajal-Vallejos, V Correa, H Ortega, JF Rivadeneira Romero, P Sánchez-Duarte, NA Cox, M Hidalgo, P Jiménez Prado, CA Lasso, J Sarmiento, MA Velásquez, FA Villa-Navarro (2019) Assessing conservation priorities of endemic freshwater fishes in the tropical Andes region. 1123%E2%80%931132. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2971
M A Tucker, T J Ord, T L Rogers (2014) Evolutionary predictors of mammalian home range size: body mass, diet and the environment. 23, 1%E2%80%9310. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12194
J Tufto, R Andersen, J D C Linnell (1996) Habitat use and ecological correlates of home range size in a small cervid: the roe deer. 65, 715%E2%80%93725.
F Trujillo, E Crespo, P Van Damme, J S Usma (2010) The Action Plan for South American River Dolphins 2010%E2%80%932020.
F Trujillo, F Mosquera-Guerra, N Franco (2019) Delfines de r%C3%ADo: especies indicadoras del estado de salud de los ecosistemas acu%C3%A1ticos de la Amazonia y la Orinoquia. 43, 199%E2%80%93211. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.765
L L Wedekin, F G Daura-Jorge, V Q Piacentini, P C Simoes-Lopes (2007) Seasonal variations in spatial usage by the estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (van Beneden, 1864) (Cetacea; Delphinidae) at its southern limit of distribution. 67, 1%E2%80%938. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842007000100002
R S Wells, A B Irvine, M D Scott (1980) The social ecology of inshore odontocetes. 263%E2%80%93317.
R S Wells, M D Scott, A B Irvine (1987) The social structure of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins. 407%E2%80%93416.
R S Wells (1991) The role of long-term study in understanding the social structure of a bottlenose dolphin community. 199%E2%80%93225.
R S Wells, M D Scott (1999) Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821). 137%E2%80%93182.
R S Wells, L H Schwacke, T K Rowles, B C Balmer, E Zolman, T Speakman, F I Townsend, M C Tumlin, A Barleycorn, K A Wilkinson (2017) Ranging patterns of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. 33, 159%E2%80%93180. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00732
R Williams, JE Moore, C Gómez-Salazar, F Trujillo, L Burt (2016) Searching for Trends in River Dolphin Abundance: Designing Surveys for Looming Threats, and Evidence for Opposing Trends of Two Species in the Colombian Amazon. 195, 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.037
MJ Witt, S Åkesson, AC Broderick, MS Coyne, J Ellick, A Formia, Graeme CH, P Luschi, S Stroud, BJ Godley (2010) Assessing accuracy and utility of satellite-tracking data using Argos-linked Fastloc-GPS. 80, 571-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.022
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
