Age, Size, Dynamics of Energy, Matter, and Masses of Black Holes in the Model of Accelerated Expansion of the Universe, based on the Idea of a Hypothetical 4-Dimensional Inverted Substance

Abstract

The consequences of the previously proposed model of accelerated expansion of the Universe based on the idea of a hypothetical 4-dimensional substance with an inverse population of energy levels are considered. Based on the data on the time and redshift of the beginning of recombination and the last scattering, taking into account the dependence of the redshift on time obtained in this model, the age of the Universe was found, which turned out to be ≈230 billion years. The dimensions of the Universe, which is a 4-dimensional spherical layer with a radius of 2400 Gpc, are determined. The dynamics of black hole mass growth is found to coincide with the observed data on the growth of black hole masses in elliptical galaxies, where there is no gas, the accretion of which could explain the growth of their masses. The dynamics of the masses of black holes in the considered model is compared with the dynamics of the masses in the model based on the standard model. It is shown that the dynamics of the growth of the energy of baryonic and dark matter coincides in form with the dynamics of the growth of the masses of black holes. The rate of matter formation is compared with the rate of star formation. It is concluded that currently dark matter is practically not formed, and it was formed at the most rapid temps at a redshift of more than two.