Exploring the Interplay of AHD, TB, and Cryptococcal Antigen in Nasarawa State
Keywords:
antimicrobial resistant infections; 75-% dosages of MSAMS-stabilized medicines; antioxidant-supportive treatments., advanced HIV disease (AHD), cryptococcal antigen (CrAg), people living with HIV (PLHIV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Abstract
This study explored the existing relationships between Advanced HIV Disease (AHD), Tuberculosis (TB), and Cryptococcal Antigen (CrAg) among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. This was achieved by investigating the relationship and prevalence of TB and CrAg among individuals diagnosed with AHD in Nasarawa State; and by assessing the distribution and association of demographic characteristics of the study population with TB and Cryptococcal Antigen. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design, sampling respon-dents across different demographics at the same time. The study sample were individuals who are currently receiving antiretroviral treatment from six healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Results showed that TB and CrAg has low prevalence among the study population, however, compared to a larger population, this will be a serious concern. The study also suggests that the demographic information of the study population had no significant relationship on the development or presence of TB or CrAg, however, the study was able to establish that PLHIVs who had AHD were mostly women (59.8%) in the State. Recommendations were made based on the study findings and the study concluded that the existing relationships among the study variables were not impacted significantly by either age or gender of the population.
References
R. Abou Ghayda, S. H. Hong, J. W. Yang, G. H. Jeong, K. H. Lee, A. Kronbichler, L. Smith (2020) A review of pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence among female sex workers. 61(5), 349.
A. Akinbami, A. Dosunmu, A. Adediran, S. Ajibola, O. Oshinaike, K. Wright, O. Arogundade (2012) CD4 count pattern and demographic distribution of treatment-naive HIV patients in Lagos, Nigeria.
A. F. Auld, R. W. Shiraishi, I. Oboho, C. Ross, M. Bateganya, V. Pelletier, T. V. Ellerbrock (2017) Trends in prevalence of advanced HIV disease at antiretroviral therapy enrollment%E2%80%9410 countries, 2004%E2%80%932015. 66(21), 558.
S. Balachandra, J. H. Rogers, L. Ruangtragool, E. Radin, G. Musuka, I. Oboho, T. Apollo (2020) Concurrent advanced HIV disease and viral load suppression in a high-burden setting: Findings from the 2015%E2%80%936 ZIMPHIA survey. 15(6), e0230205.
T. M. Balogun, M. Okokon, F. Dasola, E. J. Oyetubosun, A. Abimbola, B. Bonaventure (2016) Cryptococcal antigenaemia among treatment-na%C3%AFve Adult HIV-infected Nigerian patients. 6(01), 1.
M. J. Binnicker, D. J. Jespersen, J. E. Bestrom, L. O. Rollins (2012) Comparison of four assays for the detection of cryptococcal antigen. 19(12), 1988-1990.
D. Boulware, L. Tugume, V. Nabitaka, P. Namuwenge, S. Phiri, R. Oladele, A. Loyse (2021) Opinion Paper: Establishing targets for advanced HIV disease: A call to action. 22(1).
V. Dabla, A. K. Gupta, I. Singh (2015) Spectrum of opportunistic infections among HIV seropositive patients in Delhi region-a study by Delhi state AIDS control society. 3, 1.
K. M. De Cock, B. Soro, I. M. Coulibaly, S. B. Lucas (1992) Tuberculosis and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. 268(12), 1581-1587.
P. K. Drain, A. R. Bardon, J. M. Simoni, T. R. Cressey, P. Anderson, D. Sevenler, ..., C. Celum (2020) Point-of-care and near real-time testing for antiretroviral adherence monitoring to HIV treatment and prevention. 17, 487-498.
C. Ezenabike, O. S. Ashaka, A. A. Omoare, A. Fadeyi, A. K. Salami, O. O. Agiwu (2020) Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria. 6(2), 43.
J. G. Laah, E. Ayiwulu (2010) Socio-demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Nasarawa Eggon. 2(3), 114-120.
S. D. Lawn, R. Wood, R. J. Wilkinson (2011) Changing concepts of %E2%80%9Clatent tuberculosis infection%E2%80%9D in patients living with HIV infection.
S. T. Meloni, P. Agaba, C. A. Chang, E. Yiltok, S. Oguche, E. Ejeliogu, ..., P. J. Kanki (2020) Longitudinal evaluation of adherence, retention, and transition patterns of adolescents living with HIV in Nigeria. 15(7), e0236801.
D. B. Meya, L. Tugume, V. Nabitaka, P. Namuwenge, S. Phiri, R. Oladele, A. Loyse (2021) Establishing targets for advanced HIV disease: a call to action. 22(1), 1-5.
E. Monjok, A. Smesny, I. B. Okokon, O. Mgbere, E. J. Essien (2010) Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria: an overview of research studies and implications for policy and practice. 69-76.
A. O. Oku, O. O. Oku, E. Monjok, E. T. Owoaje (2014) Prevalence and determinants of adherence to highly active anti-retroviral therapy amongst people living with HIV/AIDS in a rural setting in South-South Nigeria. 18(1), 133-144.
R. O. Oladele, A. M. Jordan, J. U. Okaa, I. I. Osaigbovo, S. A. Shettima, N. Y. Shehu, T. M. Chiller (2023) A multicenter survey of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia among patients with advanced HIV disease in Nigeria. 3(1), e0001313.
Rajasingham, Meya B, Greene S, Jordan, Nakawuka, Chiller M, Larson A (2019) Evaluation of a national cryptococcal antigen screening program for HIV-infected patients in Uganda: a cost-effectiveness modeling analysis. 14(1), e0210105.
World Health Organization (2023) World Health Statistics: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals.
World Health Organization (2002) Report on infectious diseases: scaling up the response to infectious diseases.
Yombi C, Mertes (2018) Treatment as Prevention for HIV Infection: Current Data, Challenges, and Global Perspectives. 20(3).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Authors and Global Journals Private Limited
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
