Overcoming Resistant Infections (Salmonella Tiphymurim) by formulating Antimicrobials (Streptomycin) with Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum magnesium silicate {Al4 (SiO4)3 + 3Mg2SiO4 → 2Al2 Mg3 (SiO4)3}.

Authors

  • Pleasant Favour

Keywords:

antimicrobial resistant infections; 75-% dosages of MSAMS-stabilized medicines; antioxidant-supportive treatments.

Abstract

Enhancing patients` immune responses and antimicrobials` efficacies could overcome Antimicrobial Resistant Infections (AMR). Aluminum-magnesium silicate (AMS) is an approved Nano-stabilizing agent. Stabilizing antimicrobials prolongs time they stay at high-bioavailability and Nano-particles enhance antimicrobials` delivery to effect-targets. Prolonging high-bioavailability time and enhancing delivery to targets improve efficacies of antimicrobials while antioxidants improve immunity of patients. With improved efficacy, antimicrobials` lower dosages achieve desired effects thus avoiding side effects (immune- suppression) from high dosages. Based on these hypotheses, Medicinal synthetic AMS (MSAMS)- Streptomycin (antimicrobial-model) formulation and Vitamin C were used to treat Streptomycin- resistant Salmonella tiphymurim infections (AMR-model) in chicks (patient-models). Streptomycin`s recommended dosage (25 mg/ kg) worsened the infection, from -746.86%- reduction to -782.29 %-reduction. Stabilizing Streptomycin with MSAMS at that high dosage worsened the infection further, to -855.43 %-reduction but at 75 % dosage (18.75 mg/kg), stabilizing Streptomycin with MSAMS and supporting the treatment with Vitamin C (through feed) terminated the AMR (100 %- reduction).

References

M. Addis, D. Sisay (2015) A review on major food borne bacterial illnesses. 3(4), 1%E2%80%937. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-891x.1000176

C. Agyare, V. E. Boamah, N. C. Zumbi, B. F. Osei (2018) Antibiotics use in poultry production and its effects on bacterial resistance. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79371

S. Balakrishnan, A. Sangeetha, M. Dhanalakshmi (2018) Prevalence of Salmonella in chicken meat and its slaughtering place from local markets in orathanadu, thanjavur district, Tamil nadu. 6(2), 2468%E2%80%932471.

W. Brent, Gigi Gunderson, K.H.I. Ross, C.R. John (2001) What Do We Really Know about Antibiotics Pharmacodynamics?. 21, 28-31.

V. Bortolaia, C. Espinosa-Gongora, L. Guardabassi (2016) Human health risks associated with antimicrobial resistant Enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus on poultry meat. 22, 130-140.

E. Cristina, P. Ivan, R. Kevin (2007) Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity. 2, 17-21.

K. Dhama, S. Rajagunalan, S. Chakraborty (2013) Food-borne pathogens of animal origin-diagnosis, prevention, control and their zoonotic significance: a review. 16(20), 1076-1085. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.1076.1085

M. Ejo, L. Garedew, Z. Alebachew, W. Worku (2016) Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animal-origin food items in gondar, Ethiopia. 8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4290506

E. E. Gill, L. F. Octavio, R. E. W. Hancock (2015) Antibiotic Adjuvants: diverse strategies for controlling drug-resistant pathogens. 85, 56-78.

M. C. O. Ezeibe (2020) Potentials of The Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate: Al4 (Sio4)3 + 3mg2sio4 %E2%86%92 2al2 Mg3 (Sio4)3 on the Economy, Post Covid-19. 1(2), 83-93.

M. C. O. Ezeibe, I. J. Ogbonna (2015) Enhancing Efficacy of Antimicrobials with the Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum-Magnesium Silicate, for Prevention and Treatment of Resistant Infections. 9(6), 1-8.

M. C. O. Ezeibe, I. J. Ogbonna (2016) Use of Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum Magnesium Silicate (MSAMS) to enhance efficacy of antimicrobials for prevention and treatment of resistant infection.

M. C. O. Ezeibe, M. I. Ezeja, C. A. N. Akpan, F. O. Onyeachonam, M. E. Sanda, I. J. Ogbonna, E. Kalu, N. U. Njoku, M. I. Udobi (2020) Regression of symptoms of trypanosomosis in Mice dosed with clotrimoxazole-Antivirt (AL4(SiO4)3+3Mg 2SiO4 = 2Al2Mg3 (SiO4)3). 2(9), 23-28.

M. C. O. Ezeibe, O. K. Ezeobele, M. E. Essen, A. A. Ngene, I. J. Mbuko, T. C. Chukwudi, V. U. Onoja, I. O. Ezeh (2013) Synergy in antibacterial activities of ampicillin trihydrate stabilized with a synthetic Aluminum magnesium silicate and immune stimulants in resistant E. coli infection. 5(10), 1548-1552.

M. C. O. Ezeibe, A. E. Udom, F. O. Onyeachonam, I. J. Ogbonna (2019) Restoring Efficacy to Clotrimoxazole against Resistant Salmonella pollurum with Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum Magnesium Silicate (MSAMS). 11, 1162-1168.

L. A. Galindo, P. Cereso (2006) Compositional, Technical and Safety Specification of Clay to Be Used as Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products. 2, 38-40.

V. Goetting, K. A. Lee, L. A. Tell (2011) Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: A review of the literature. 34, 521-556.

N. Heredia, S. Garcia (2018) Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: a review. 4(3), 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.006

K. R. Murray (2000) Harpers Biochemistry.

T. Nguyen, C. Niwat, J. Juan (2017) Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial poultry pathogens: A review. 16, 14-17.

O. J. Okorie-Kanu, E. V. Ezenduka, C. O. Okorie-Kanu, L. C. Ugwu, U. J. Nnamani (2016) Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in retail raw table eggs sold for human consumption in Enugu state, Nigeria. 9(11), 1312-1319.

M. Reig, F. Toldra (2008) Veterinary drug residues in meat: concerns and rapid method for detection. 78, 60-69.

G. Tadesse, S. T. Tessema (2014) A meta-analysis of the prevalence of Salmonella in food animals in Ethiopia. (270), 1%E2%80%939. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-014-0270-y

F. M. Tegegne (2019) Epidemiology of Salmonella and its serotypes in human, food animals, foods of animal origin, animal feed and environment. 2(1), 7%E2%80%9314.

Vanderbilt (1984) VEEGUM%E2%80%94The Versatile Ingredient for Pharmaceutical Formulations.

T. T. Van, H. N. Nguyen, P. M. Smooker, P. J. Coloe (2012) The antibiotics resistance characteristics of non-typhoid Salmonella enterica isolate from food producing animals, retail meat and humans in South East Asia. 154, 98-106.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-28

How to Cite

Overcoming Resistant Infections (Salmonella Tiphymurim) by formulating Antimicrobials (Streptomycin) with Medicinal Synthetic Aluminum magnesium silicate {Al4 (SiO4)3 + 3Mg2SiO4 → 2Al2 Mg3 (SiO4)3}. (2023). London Journal of Medical and Health Research, 23(9), 27-33. https://journalspress.uk/index.php/LJMHR/article/view/761