Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer and Associated Factors among Home Health Care Patients at King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia, 2022 a Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PU), are the degradation of skin and underlying tissue in localized areas, most often the sacrum. Aim: To determine the prevalence of PU in home health care patients and associated risk factors to improve the related care processes. Methods:  cross-sectional study was conducted for one month. doctors and nurses trained and visited HHC patients The team inspected the patients' skin from head to toe. The PU site was identified on the data collection sheet using NPUAP classification system and Braden Scale Score.

Results: 175 patients from Home Health Care patients at King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah, with a mean of age 69.55±14.9, were included. 20 patients (11.4%) had PU. The most common site of PU was Buttocks and sacral (50%), least were Left posterior leg and ankle (1%). According to The Braden Scale risk, the majority of patients were at Minimal risk (37.1%) or Mild risk (33.7%) of PU, while 9.7% of patients were at high risk of PU, and 4.6% were at Very high risk of PU. The factors associated with PU prevalence were age (P=0.015), gender (P= 0.019), mobility (P= 0.009), and Braden scale risk (P=0.002). However, living area, weight, and presence of co-morbidities such as peripheral neuropathy or DM did not significantly (P> 0.05) associate with PU prevalence among the included patients.

Conclusion: we demonstrated a low prevalence of pressure ulcers among studied patients. Buttocks and sacrum were the most prevalent PU locations. Age, gender, mobility, and Braden risk significantly influence PU prevalence.