London Journal of Research In Humanities and Social Sciences
London Journal of Research In Humanities and Social Sciences London Journal of Research In Humanities and Social Sciences is focused on publishing groundbreaking ideas on theoretical and experimental research in all the domains relating to social science and advances in humanities. As a flagship scholarly journal, It is a peer-reviewed, international, indexed journal. The journal publishes high-quality research papers that are double-blind refereed. It provides practical, theoretical, and managerial implications useful for further research development. Authors and readers include academic researchers and educators, as well as scientists. SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
The doctrine of socialism as a just social order has a long history and has always provoked debate. The emergence of “real socialism” has not eliminated the disagreements regarding it. Based on an examination of various perspectives on socialism, the author concludes that the very approach to defining socialism is incorrect. Socialism should be viewed as a necessary stage in the development of society, namely, as a necessary transitional state between its class and classless periods. In a class society, participants in production are divided into managers, who privately own the means of production, and workers, who own only their own labor force. Consequently, the former dominates the latter. A classless society presupposes the abolition of private property and its replacement by public ownership. But here a contradiction arises. The transition between a class and a classless society, due to their contrasting natures, is a complex and lengthy process. And since property is a relationship between people over the means of production, realized in their shared production process, society cannot simultaneously possess both forms of ownership due to their diametrically opposed nature. Therefore, an intermediate transitional stage is objectively necessary, in which neither private nor public ownership of the means of production exists. This seems illogical and impossible. However, if we consider that property is not a holistic phenomenon but consists of three components: ownership, disposal, and use, then the division of these three powers of ownership among different social groups allows for a natural transition between a class and a classless society. This article examines how this process was successfully implemented in countries striving to build socialism, primarily in the USSR and now in the PRC, and offers predictions about the future course of this process worldwide.
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The Chazar Forts of the Lower Don. Comparison
The defense of the Khazar Khaganate fortresses has not been examined to date, although some assessments have been made of individual fortresses. It is difficult to compile a program for such a study. A typical assessment of an early medieval fortress includes: plan, building material, perimeter and area, walls with all their features; foundation/lack thereof; the presence/absence of towers, their number, metric characteristics of each, distances between them, moats, scarps, the structure of the fortress’s interior space, the presence of a citadel, a donjon, its location, height, the extent of the fortress’s development with residential and other structures, etc. The matter is complicated by the fact that not all of the aforementioned attributes have been established for Khazar fortresses due to their incomplete state of preservation and, especially, the insufficient amount of uncovered areas.
The Right to Question: Democratic Legitimacy and the Crisis of Electoral Trust in India
This research paper aims to examine the basic principles of democratic governance, primarily focusing on the right of citizens to ask questions, a crucial mechanism for accountability. Drawing upon the Social Contract Theory, the study explores whether questions arising about the electoral system—a vital component of democracy—suggest a violation of the government’s responsibility and the terms of the contract with the people. Specifically, the paper analyzes public opinion regarding the democratic contract following the 2024 Indian parliamentary general elections, when serious allegations about electoral transparency emerged. It investigates the sovereign public’s actual perceptions of the allegations and counter-allegations among the Election Commission, the government, and the opposition, recognizing that these controversies not only fuel political dispute but also pose a significant challenge to public trust. Furthermore, the research examines how these events affect citizens’ faith in the electoral system and their future democratic participation. It also studies the perceived necessity of post-election scrutiny and the importance of addressing the public’s concerns to maintain democratic credibility. Ultimately, the paper argues that the longevity of a democracy depends not on the absence of questions, but on the system’s ability to resolve those questions transparently, thereby reaffirming the contract between the state and its citizens.
Oneness of Scriptures and Oneness of God
God is the infinite source of knowledge and periodically reveals tiny portions of His knowledge through chosen messengers, for good of mankind. Words revealed are perfectly designed and some content are identical and some different, as per need of mankind. These revelations are shared orally by messenger with masses and in due course of time, collected, edited and released in written form as scripture. Due to gap of time and communication issues, unintentionally, some errors and contradictions, within and between scriptures, have crept in, otherwise scriptures are in truth. There are three major religions, namely Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, and their respective scriptures are; Bible, Quran, and Veda. Since source of all scriptures is one and the same, all scriptures are complementary and in true sense have Oneness. This oneness is proved through remarkable similarities between these scriptures by examining events such as the flood, creation of man and woman, the Last Day, and commonalities of popular names like Ram. Attributes of God described in all Scriptures are identical, namely; GOD is Eternal, Unborn, Immortal, Creator of Universe(s) and everything that exists within a Universe, Omnipotent, Omnipresent, Omniscient, Subtlest of all, Unchangeable, Unique, Always Works, Source of Eternal Bliss, etc., establishing oneness of scriptures and oneness of God.
This article deals with the study of Arabic settings in the work of Jorge Amado. To this end, we choose as privileged texts of this research the twenty-four novels published by the author, where we seek to observe the similarities and differences in the representations of the Arab immigrant, as well as the lines responsible for configuring the Arab-Brazilian identity of southern Bahia, woven by the interrelationship between the cultural features of the Sertanejo and the cultural features of the Arabs, both expelled from their lands, by necessity or by wars. As a methodological theoretical reference, we will avail ourselves of Edward Said’s contributions to understanding the Arab universe in the West; Alice Raillard’s studies of the Baian writer’s aesthetic choices; and the author’s own confessions about his literary making.
Behind the Suspense: “Knowledge” as “Prey” in the Film Possession
The film Possession employs detective narrative techniques to build a suspenseful, symbol-rich structure, intertwining the plot with the pursuit of “knowledge” and transforming the viewing experience into a metaphor for the quest for understanding. This paper analyzes the construction of suspense and the deeper implications of “knowledge” as “prey” in Possession from three perspectives. First, it analyzes the film’s detective techniques and their role in uncovering truth. Second, it explores how unsent letters ignite the audience’s interpretive desire. Lastly, it examines unresolved mysteries, emphasizing philosophical reflections on “knowledge” and theory. These three dimensions are interrelated, collectively emphasizing the pivotal role of “knowledge” exploration in promoting female empowerment and fostering deeper theoretical reflections.
The reasons for the start of Russia’s war against Ukraine are being discussed. It is shown that it was caused by Moscow’s painful reaction to the collapse of the USSR empire. Due to the lack of complete consensus in the international community regarding the events taking place, the patterns of evolution of world civilization that led to the war are considered from the perspective of the Supersensitive Anthropic Principle (SAP). In particular, it is shown that it was a consequence not only of the collapse of the USSR but also of many preceding events, such as its birth, as well as the birth and demise of Nazi Germany, the fire of World War II, the emergence of the Iron Curtain and the Cold War, and the current confrontation between Russia and the West. All of these are interconnected through a single causal sequence. Its ultimate cause, to a decisive degree, in addition to other objective factors, was the ignorant and deeply flawed utopia of K. Marx, adopted by his Russian followers as an infallible religious doctrine. Nevertheless, in this case, it is not enough to understand the essence of what is happening and its origins. It is even more important to understand the conclusions—the strategy of Russia’s future foreign policy. For it is confident that it is the suzerain among the surrounding vassals. Thinking this way was considered natural a hundred years ago. Today, when humans have reached space and invented nuclear weapons, remaining faithful to the prejudices of the past is unnatural. A misunderstanding of this fact makes Russia’s strategy after the current war unpredictable. However, it is not only the global community but first and foremost the citizens of Russia who need to know what rules of interaction between sovereign countries, distant and nearby neighbors, it intends to follow in the future. The book (I don’t know which is correct: whether it will be a book, a pamphlet, an article, or something else) shows that the choice is limited and that there is less and less time left to make it.
Dominants of the Present: World Zionism and World Regress. is there Hope for a Positive Future?
A compact article touches upon the expansion of the world Zionist movement at the present moment. Primary attention has focused on the relationship between this phenomenon and the next advent of the neoconservative state course by name of Trump in the USA. Further, the author reveals the main attributes of the coordinated Zionists policy to achieve Power in many countries. Based on these realities, the necessary solutions are outlined to curb the global Zionist expansion in the fairly near future due to the implementation of a positive scenario for world development.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)
neuroconstructivist developmental hypothesis.
From the Alter Ego to the Alter Identicus: The Transformation of the Epistemological Approach to the other and its Implications in Child Psychiatry
The alter identicus has dismissed the alter ego in late modernity, with repercussions� for the way psychiatrists view the other. After examining the notions of limit and� situation for each of these two ways of viewing the other, we will examine their� consequences for diagnostic development. We will detail the example of the ADI-R� and the ADOS in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We will question� the usefulness of defining very broad markers of belonging (alter identicus) that seem� to miss their target : to understand a neuroconstructivist development process in� which the patient�s creativity (alter ego) contributes significantly to the development� of a divergent trajectory.�
Quality of Employment: Intergenerational Labor Precariousness from the Perspective of the IMCE in Santa Cruz De La Sierra 2023 – 2025
This study evaluates the Quality of Employment (QoE) and analyzes intergenerational labor precariousness in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, during the 2023�2025 period. The conceptual framework is based on the Theory of Segmented Labor Markets (SLMT), focusing on the unequal insertion of different generational cohorts. A quantitative approach was adopted, using the Multidimensional Quality of Employment Index (IMCE), which is grounded in the Alkire-Foster (AF) double-threshold model. The IMCE assesses deprivation across three main dimensions: Labor Income, Labor Stability, and Employment Conditions. The poverty line for poor quality employment was set at K = 50%. The results are based on a representative sample of 415 employed workers (ages 18�65). Findings confirm that the overall QoE remains considerably low (IMCE2025= 0.45) and below the historical Bolivian national average (0.47). The Headcount Ratio of Poor-Quality Employment (H) reached 68%. The intergenerational analysis confirms labor market segmentation: Generation Z exhibits the highest vulnerability (IMCEZ = 0.37), validating its predominant insertion into the secondary sector. Youth precariousness is highlighted by high contractual instability (27% without a formal contract) and lack of social protection (68% without access to benefits). Gender disparity is acute: Generation Z females show the lowest IMCE (0.36) and an incidence rate of 92% (H), implying that almost all young employed women face poor quality employment. The structural challenge facing the labor market is fundamentally the quality of employment, not merely access. Urgent public policy intervention is required to strengthen contractual stability and social protection mechanisms to promote Decent Work, particularly for highly vulnerable groups like Generation Z women.
Theoretical Foundations of Gen AI-informed Teacher Pedagogy
The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) into educational pedagogy represents a transformative shift in the dynamics of teaching and learning. To guide this transition, this paper introduces the Ped-AI-gogy Informed Model (PIM), which combines established educational frameworks: the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the SAMR model, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), into a cohesive approach for GenAI integration. This model provides a progressive pathway for educators, moving from initial awareness to active advocacy, while addressing the complexities of technology adoption, pedagogical change, and shifting educator-learner relationships. In addition, this paper develops the theoretical foundation of �ped-AI-gogy�, a concept that fuses pedagogy with AI to reimagine teaching practices in an increasingly digital landscape. By situating this integration within a posthumanist perspective, the authors advocate for a collaborative, symbiotic relationship among educators, students and GenAI tools. Finally, the paper critiques traditional human-centred educational paradigms and calls for adaptive learning models that harness GenAI potential to enhance both teaching and learner agency
Organizational Efficiency in Courts and Tribunals: An Unfinished Task/A Forgotten Task
The purpose of this article is to address various issues related to the modernisation of the organisation of courts and tribunals in order to respond to the challenges of an increasingly complex and, at the same time, more demanding justice, to essential mechanisms to strengthen the effectiveness of judicial procedures as well as to the citizens guarantee regarding judicial claims. The likely implementation of a collegiate system in the first instance, which goes beyond the nineteenth century scheme of isolated courts which work as �kingdoms of taifas�, re-opens with the presentation by the government of a draft for an Organization Efficiency Act, a project which is a mere replay of 2021 draft bill. If a broad political and professional consensus to promote the reform and its implementation is not to be reached, we might risk it that a modernization of justice will cease to be a pending issue and will turn into a forgotten subject.
Women’s Rights in Qatar: Navigating the Crossroads of Cultural Norms and Universal Human Rights in Gulf Diplomacy
Human rights are rights of a person simply just because they are a human and are inherited by birth. Human rights are inalienable, indivisible and interdependent. To violate human rights of a person simply means to treat that person as not a human being and when respected means that the dignity of all human beings be respected. Although human rights are universally declared and they are protected by international courts and organizations, there are countries globally who are in conflict of granting human rights to their citizens with the clash of cultural relativism. My research is on one country among them which is Qatar and the research work is done on how rights of women in Qatar are exploited, diving deep into the historical context, to understand the legal and social status of women in Qatar, to understand the reforms which have been provided to them in the past years. The ultimate goal to study is to see that human rights of every person is protected and promoted everywhere. Even though there have been several reforms and initiatives taken by the Qatari government, there have still been cases reported by human rights watch and many such international organizations. Laws in Qatar still continue to discriminate against women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Women continued to face discrimination in law and practice. Under the guardianship system, women needed a male guardian�s permission to marry, study abroad on government scholarships, work in many government jobs, travel abroad if aged under 25, and access reproductive healthcare, Women remained inadequately protected in law against domestic violence (Amnesty International, 2024). The supreme political leadership represented by His Highness the Emir and Crown Prince plays an encouraging role in supporting women to achieve equal rights, and improve and enhance women�s position and role in society (Ashghal, n.d.). She has supported the Qatar Institution for Sciences, Education and Society Development that was established in 1996. It is a special institution that first established The Qatar Academy under the chairmanship of Sheikha Al Misnad (Ashghal, n.d.) Her Highness has also shown her interest in helping girls with special needs, by establishing the �Al Shafallah� center, headed by Sheikha Ghalia Bint Mohamed Al Thani (Ashghal, n.d.)
Ethnolinguistics and Lexical Contact between Spanish and Mapudungun for an Intercultural Territory
This paper describes the research of Dr. Gilberto S�nchez Cabezas and his importance in the lexical aspect of Spanish-Mapudungun contact in Chilean territory. This Mapuche language scholar is relevant today due to his reconsideration of Rodolfo Lenz's ideas and the life experiences linked to the quality and authenticity of his academic work, which contribute to a genuine recognition of the connection between culture and language within the discipline of ethnolinguistics. The author is not only important in the field of linguistics, but his approaches are also linked to interculturality for the territory and one of the most relevant ways of transforming our society: education.
The History of the Anomalous Verb to be, from Old to Modern English
This article aims to describe the intricate history of the verb to be, focusing on its abundant inflection irregularities, from Old to Modern English. As any other research on historical linguistics, this article�s main goal is not only to point diachronic changes within the language, but also to explain how and why they happened, relying for such purpose on reputed theorists like Campbell (2013) and Bybee (2015), in addition to historical linguists whose works deal specifically with the development of the English language, such as Algeo (2010),Hogg &Fulk (2011), Ringe& Taylor (2014), among others. From a methodological point of view, this text displays each verbal tense on synoptic tables containing inflections from Old, Middle and Modern English, followed by several explanatory comments in order to clarify certain phonetic or morphologic phenomena. In short, one can say that the numerous irregularities found throughout the conjugation of the verb to be derive from the intermixing of two Old English verbs, b?onand wesan, which in turn were already irregular themselves.
Exploring the use of AI-Writing Assistant for Foreign Language Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study in the Saudi EFL Context
The rapid growth of AI writing assistants has changed language learning, but there are still gaps in understanding how learners use these tools effectively and perceive feedback from them to enhance their learning skills. This thesis investigates language learners' interactions with an AI writing assistant called "Type," identifying prompt types and understanding their perceptions for educational purposes. It is a mixed-methods study examining the interaction between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and "Type." Data was collected from 27 male university learners in Saudi Arabia who used "Type" for writing tasks, with pre- and post-surveys assessing their experiences with AI-assisted writing. Findings identified two main themes: anticipated and unexpected interactions. The study explores the types of prompts used, including style, grammar, and word count prompts. While most participants express satisfaction with the tool's ability to improve writing skills, the study suggests that future research should expand the sample size and examine the level of proficiency learners have with AI tools. It is crucial to identify the specific errors learners make and analyze the limitations of each AI tool in the learning process.
Contract Faculty in Telangana Universities: Disparities in Recognition, Workload and Professional Development
This study investigates the disparities in recognition, benefits, teaching load, job security, and professional development opportunities experienced by contract faculty in Telangana universities. Despite their critical role in sustaining higher education, contract faculty often face systemic challenges not encountered by their tenure-track counterparts. The objective is to evaluate these inequities and propose actionable recommendations for fostering a more equitable and supportive academic environment. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 211 contract faculty members across nine universities in Telangana, spanning disciplines such as Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, and Engineering. A semi-structured questionnaire incorporating a five-point Likert scale was administered via Google Forms. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, one- way ANOVA, and homogeneity tests to assess disparities. Findings reveal that 100% of respondents reported receiving no Dearness Allowance, House Rent Allowance, or medical benefits. Additionally, 30.3% lacked leave benefits and only 21.8% had access to professional development opportunities. The mean score for recognition-related perceptions was 2.92 (SD=1.690), indicating low institutional acknowledgment. Teaching loads were reported as equal or higher than those of regular faculty, with 65 respondents indicating a �very high� workload. This study offers region-specific insights into the lived realities of contract faculty in Telangana, contributing to the discourse on academic equity in Indian higher education. The recommendations-enhancing recognition practices, ensuring equitable benefits, balancing workloads, improving job security and expanding professional development access- align with broader institutional reforms and aim to improve job satisfaction, retention, and the overall quality of education.
An Empirical Study on Green Consumerism among College Students of Mumbai with Respect to Electric Vehicles
This study investigates the attitudes, perceptions, and purchase intentions towards electric vehicles (EVs) among college students in Mumbai, a demographic crucial to the future of sustainable consumption. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to a sample of 312 students across various colleges in Mumbai. The findings reveal a strong environmental consciousness (Mean=4.42) and a positive attitude towards EVs as a symbol of modernity (Mean=4.05). However, a significant intention-behavior gap exists. The primary barriers to adoption are high purchase cost (72.1%), perceived lack of charging infrastructure (68.3%), and range anxiety (55.4%). While government subsidies are seen as a key motivator (65.7%), awareness of existing policies remains moderate. The study concludes that while Mumbai's youth are ideologically aligned with green consumerism, practical and economic barriers hinder the translation of intention into purchase behavior. Recommendations include enhanced policy communication, targeted educational campaigns, and infrastructure development focused on academic institutions.
A Semiotic Reading of Patterns of Traumain Achmat Dangor’s Bitter Fruit
This paper conjugates Ferdinand De Saussure�s and Charles Sanders Peirce�s theories on the sign with recent developments in literary semiotics to analyze textual and symbolic patterns that connote apartheid and postapartheid traumas in Bitter Fruit. It first connects Dangor�s text to the universe of signs of individual and social disintegration, to explain that characters� tragic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorders imbue the text with its historically based meanings. Then, it demonstrates that by mapping out traumas bred by the age of iron, the text discloses expressive glimpses of the burning question of reconciliation and identity in the post-apartheid era. At a final level, the semiotic reading of Bitter Fruit foregrounds the ambivalent meaning of semiotic patterns in Dangor�s narrative, suggesting the social tension in which the text was created, the aesthetic representation of which not only signifies individual and collective sufferings but also the author�s essential gesture in the country�s effort to build a fairer and more humane nation.
Bangladesh–UK Relations: Strategic Diplomacy, Shared Challenges and Future Partnerships
This article presents a critical analysis of the developing bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and the United Kingdom (UK) since 1972, in terms of the evolving historical linkage that has ultimately led to a multidimensional strategic partnership. While the existing literature has overemphasized aid flows and historical diplomacy, this article presents a counterpoint by considering how trade, investment, defense cooperation, climate adaptation and humanitarian engagement combine to characterize these contemporary Bangladesh-UK relations. Through content analysis of policy papers, strategic documents, official speeches and documents, trade reports, and development cooperation frameworks, the study identifies mutual trust and shared strategic interests as the core analytical fulcrums that drive two-way priority alignment. The article demonstrates that the UK's role extends beyond historic aid; it encompasses investment facilitation, capacity-building, climate finance, and support for humanitarian crises, as seen in situations such as the Rohingya refugee crisis. At the same time, Bangladesh exercises agency by taking a leadership role on the climate front, preparing for its post-LDC economic transition through planning and retooling of its diplomatic strategy in the Indo-Pacific arena. The analysis argues that Bangladesh-UK relations constitute a postcolonial partnership, evolving from aid reliance to mutual strategic engagement, with implications for small-state diplomacy, regional security, and global development governance. By synthesizing economic, security, humanitarian, and environmental dimensions, the paper provides insights into how bilateral partnerships can adapt to twenty-first-century geopolitical, economic and climate challenges, offering a model for other developing countries seeking balanced, multidimensional international engagement.
animal ethics as a moral deficit in the 21st century
cultural indifference in the Transcaucasus
Resilience and Inclusion: Fostering Non-Violence in Education in Cameroon
The study investigates resilience and inclusive practices by non-violence education in Cameroon as the focal point. The essence of the study was to investigate the relationship between resilience, inclusion and non-violence within the educational context in Cameroon. It has been reflecting how the victims can navigate the challenge with resilience by non-violence. It emanated from a project on the effects of violence on students learning in Cameroon with the research question on their survival ability of such abuses. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach of data collection and processing. The sample participants comprised (n = 924) students randomly selected from eight secondary schools in one region of Cameroon with four schools chosen from the urban center and four others from the rural centre. These schools were used as the primary source of data collection for the study. The collection of data was undertaken with questionnaires that have been tested and validated through multinational and regional organizations, pilot studies, and different institutions. The structured questionnaires were used to elicit data from the participants. The collected data was analysed using JAMOVI. The study's findings show high levels of violence with both genders suffering equally from the scourge. Furthermore, the male gender in the findings from some of the variables are more subservient and more affected by sexual violence, besides other violence strands such as structural, psychological, environmental and physical violence. These findings therefore introduce diverse probabilities and hypotheses. The subservient of males to sexual violence reduces schools to arenas of illicit sexual activities thereby compromising the learning, social justice and global values for the students. Looking forward, agencies should provide support to educational institutions in their efforts to assist students who are confronted with violence through the implementation of resilience, capacity building and inclusive practices. These practices will help in addressing discrimination among school communities, preventing violence, and cultivating an effective learning environment for all students, irrespective of their background. The advancement of inclusion and resilience signifies a more efficacious approach to addressing school violence and establishing a secure environment for all.
Early Idiomatic Knowledge Acquisition: A Cornerstone for Language Proficiency
Idioms are essential language skills that enhance language proficiency in all languages. Idiomatic knowledge help individuals to be proficient in communication in both verbal and written language. However, they are not explicitly incorporated in the early years of schooling and this could be the reason there are persisting literacy challenges in South Africa. The literacy reports show that Foundation Phase learners� language skills are not well developed. They reveal that learners have challenges in both reading and writing. The purpose of this paper is to advocate for explicit integration of idioms in Grade 3 curriculum with an aim to increase the learner�s language proficiency in their home languages. This paper is grounded in Social constructivism theory to reveal how idioms as scaffolding tools support language proficiency. It is guided by qualitative research, interpretive paradigm and case study research design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Participants were two Grade 3 teachers and a thematic analysis helped in analyzing interview data. The findings showed that the integration of idioms could improve the learners� creative writing skills, they can help them to write meaningful sentences and paragraphs.����
Social Isolation among the Connected Generation
The so-called "Connected Generation" teers on a digital high-wire � hyper-linked but frighteningly alone in a world when emoticons replace eye contact and connection is measured in megabits per second rather than meaningful ties. This study clarifies the contradictory phenomena of social isolation among digital natives, especially those born between 1995 and 2010, who cross the golden period of technological development and the desolate plains of emotional disconnection. The study investigates how the appearance of proximity created by digital platforms can undermine the very fabric of interpersonal connection as social media and smartphone screens progressively shape their lives. Anchored in theoretical perspectives including Media Dependency Theory, Displacement Hypothesis, and Social Capital Theory, this study breaks apart the psychological, behavioural, and socio-cultural edges of digital participation. Media Dependency Theory holds that emotional fulfilment comes from digital interfaces; the Displacement Hypothesis warns that time spent in the virtual world replaces real-world social connections, hence creating a parched emotional terrain. The research investigates how the continual attraction of likes, streaks, and curated feeds sets off a reward system that ironically alienates users from real-world community events. Social Capital Theory, meantime, distinguishes between "bonding" and "bridging" capital and questions whether digital platforms create significant relationships or only inflate flimsy networks of mutual observation. Inspired by historical changes�from the blissful days of MySpace to the artificial echo chambers of TikHub�the study documents how the very tools meant to link have gently, sometimes sinisterly, reinvented solitary. The arrival of cell phones accentuated this digital supremacy, turning idle times into scroll sessions and turning silence into a vacuum ready to be filled by well-chosen noise. Acting as both accelerator and amplifier, the COVID-19 epidemic further distorted this equilibrium: screen time skyrocketed as face-to--face contacts fell, regular fare for this generation is Zoom fatigue and social isolation. Combining qualitative interviews, survey data, and digital ethnography, the study reveals startling numbers: up to 80% of teenagers say social media makes them lonelier, but over half spend more time interacting online than in person. These figures are cries from a generation marooned on islands of hypervisibility and invisibility, not just percentages seen and unseen. Driven by constant comparison with idealised avatars of peers, psychological signs including FOMO (Fear of Missing Out), falling self-esteem, and identity distress show often. Like an emotional roulette game, the like economy feeds a cycle of validation-hunger and inward emptiness by aggravating reliance on virtual approbation. These digital platforms' architecture is designed for compulsion, not just neutral territory. Algorithmic content curating generates echo chambers that restrict access to other points of view and complex interactions. Rather than connecting people to larger networks, the algorithms may lock users into well-chosen silos. These processes disproportionately influence the Connected Generation, whose early years were influenced by this electronic terrain. The study emphasises that although digital platforms provide a lot of surface-level interactions, they sometimes fall short in meeting the basic human demand for depth, empathy, and mutual presence. Comparisons among cultures strengthen this examination. For example, the Hikikomori phenomenon in Japan represents extreme digital disengagement; Western young people often sense "ambient loneliness," surrounded by connectedness but searching for authenticity. Urban-rural variations further complicate the terrain: whereas city-dwellers may be technologically saturated, yet emotionally arid, rural populations can face infrastructure hurdles to both digital and in-person interaction. Furthermore, aggravating emotional disenfranchisement for underprivileged young is global disparities in access to digital literacy and supporting communities. This study highlights possible restorative routes in addition to lamenting the problems of the digital age. Digital wellbeing and emotional resilience have to be included into curricula of educational systems and mental health frameworks. Policymakers are advised to understand social isolation as a public health crisis similar to smoking or obesity that calls for coordinated responses. Platform designers have to reconsider the ethical aspects of interface design and ask whether they are enhancing connection or just profit from attention. This study ultimately forces us to reinterpret what it actually means to be "connected." Is connectivity expressed in megabytes or in understandable hands, hands that hold, and silences that say volumes? We must create prolific lifeboats of tangible connection as we negotiate the digital river�strong, reciprocal, based in the messy beauty of honest humanity. The Connected Generation assembles at an intersection: will they be able to continue to trade intimacy for immediacy, or can a recalibration of our digital compass guide us back to the core of human kinship?
The Price of Survival. On the Ontology of Animals in Transcaucasia, using the Example of Georgia
This academic essay titled �The Price of Survival. On the Ontology of Animals in Transcaucasia, Using the Example of Georgia� was developed in the wake of a professional trip to an international congress held inTbilisi, the capital of Georgia, in October 2024. At its core, the study analyzes snapshots of a human-pet constellation which, in Georgia, has given rise to a daily �culture of indifference.� This culture reflects fundamental ontological questions about coexistence, polemically mirroring the ethical and moral categories between human existence and the status of the animal as a �thing.� The empirical dimension of the paper is illustrated through numerous encounters with suffering animals in Georgian urban spaces. These observations illustrate the cruel living conditions under which pets are forced to exist�without societal recognition and in the absence of institutional animal welfare structures. In addition, the findings are placed within a historical framework, discussing and interpreting human-animal relationships ranging from antiquity to the 21st century.
Constructivism and Its Implications for Curriculum Development in the Philippines
The paper examines constructivism as a learning theory and its influence on curriculum development in the Philippines, particularly within the framework of the K to 12 Enhanced Basic Education Program. It draws from the foundational contributions of Piaget, Bruner, Dewey, and Vygotsky, highlighting learner-centered approaches that emphasize inquiry, collaboration, and authentic learning. It also discusses implications for pedagogy, assessment, and teacher training, advocating for a shift from knowledge transmission to knowledge creation in Philippine education. This paper highlights how constructivist principles inform student-centered teaching strategies, authentic assessment practices, and the evolving role of teachers as facilitators rather than mere transmitters of knowledge. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the need for sustained teacher training, authentic assessments, and the cultural adaptation of constructivist practices in order to maximize their impact on Philippine education
Criticism of Brazilian Academic Capitalism and the Commodification of Knowledge Raw Materials
The present research seeks to analyze the logic of Brazilian academic capitalism that conditions a process of commodifying the production of knowledge, as well as prioritizing the offer of training courses for liberal professionals. This process is characterized as raw material knowledge contributing to the creation of a type of World Class University. Concerning the methodological procedures of the research, it was decided to develop a bibliographical and documental research based on the critical-dialectical epistemology. Content analysis was used in the treatment of data. Thus, the text is systematized in three parts: it analyzes the concept of crisis and how the capitalist economy was permeated by tensions throughout the year.
Dr. Alisson Slider Do Nascimento De Paula,
Arboreal Thinking The Obsession with Order in Brexit and Ali Smith’s Autumn
As one of the most influential political events in 21st-century Europe, Brexit was not merely a political, economic, and administrative event but also a cultural phenomenon. In the context of this historical backdrop, Ali Smith�s Autumn (2016) emerged as the first literary work to directly engage with the issue of Brexit, garnering significant critical and public attention upon its publication. Significantly, this study reveals that the �intergenerational desire� in Autumn is not expressed through direct character interactions but rather is mediated through a reconfigured temporality constructed via natural imagery, particularly that of the �thing�- �tree�. Furthermore, the novel exposes the social fragmentation and relational complexities resulting from the Brexit referendum, revealing that while it ostensibly addresses ethnic tensions, its deeper critique centers on issues of class identity. Focusing on the arboreal motif, this paper examines how the novel articulates the intellectual woman-Elisabeth�s distinctive vision of social order through three interrelated dimensions-intergenerational desire, the politics of time, and ethnic discourse-thereby proposing potential pathways for reimagining post-Brexit British society.
Language Shift, Loss and Attrition at Kampung Chetti, Melaka, Malaysia
Research on the vitality of Chetti Malay Creole, the heritage language of the Melaka Chetti community at Kampung Chetti, Malacca, have all reported a language shift. Since language shift often leads to language loss, this study seeks evidence of language loss and attrition among the younger generations, specifically among the fourth and fifth generations (G4/Gen Y and G5/Gen Z) Chettis. Using a language loss assessment (adapted from O�Grady et al. 2009), the study found that Chetti lexicon is largely absent from the younger generations� vocabulary and they struggle to construct short sentences in Chetti Malay, which indicate the lack of a working knowledge and use of their heritage language. Focus group interviews further reveal that many Chetti lexical items are unfamiliar to the younger generations since the language is spoken sporadically at festivals or among older generations. The findings place the vitality of Chetti Malay at Level 7 Shifting on the EGIDS while on the UNESCO Language Vitality and Endangerment framework Chetti Malay is definitely endangered. The study confirms that there is language shift, loss and attrition at Kampung Chetti. The study raises a critical question for further research on whether the lack of knowledge of Chetti vocabulary and the inability to use the language among the millennials and digital natives a case of attrition (total or partial forgetting of the vocabulary as a result of the language being rarely used) or incomplete acquisition (a language never acquired due to non-intergenerational transmission of Chetti Malay in their homes).
Critical Integration of Generative AI in Higher Education: Cognitive, Pedagogical, and Ethical Perspectives
Generative AI is rapidly transforming higher education by reshaping cognitive processes, learning behaviors, assessment practices, and instructional approaches. This study examines the impact of AI on student learning through a combination of multi-institutional evidence and a quasi-experimental assessment in an undergraduate writing course. Three central dimensions are analyzed: cognitive offloading, critical versus na�ve adoption of AI, and emerging learning patterns including normalization, confirmation bias, and the erosion of scaffolding. Findings reveal that AI tools can enhance grammar accuracy, research efficiency, and factual recall, while also posing risks to creativity, critical thinking, independent revision, and metacognitive engagement. The study highlights the importance of structured, critically mediated integration of AI into curricula to maximize learning benefits, uphold academic integrity, and support long-term skill development.
Language as a Sign System: Redefining the Linguistic Sign
The article discusses the linguistic sign and proposes a definition that is based on a usage-based view of language and includes all communication systems, also closed ones like the traffic lights. Content, expression and signs as wholes are discussed separately, and the linguistic sign is compared to �semiotic� signs. The main claims are: 1) Reference is primarily mental and part of the content. 2) A mentalistic definition of� signs is incompatible with a usage-based view. The expression isphysical, in language as in usage.3) Neither arbitrariness, linearitynor double articulation are necessary qualities of signs. 4) Spoken, written and gestural languages are sign systems of their own, not manifestations of an abstract language with no particular expression. 5) Only minimal signs (morphemes) consist of expression and content. Complex signs consist of (smaller)signs. 6) The linguistic sign isa category of its own, not a subtype of �semiotic� signs.